The historical sites in Antalya portray the fantastic history that has made this region of Turkey simply beautiful. From narrow streets to fascinating ruins and more, passionate history fans are always impressed. In addition to Antalya city centre, the ruins stretch out across the province with the same name. But before we start listing the best, let’s briefly outline how these fantastic ancient ruins came to be.
The history dates from the Palaeolithic era. However, various civilisations lived here, including the Lycians, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. One notable civilisation, the Lycians, established numerous coastline cities like Phaselis, and Olympos. The Lycians built distinctive rock-cut tombs and intricate stonework, which still stand today.
Antalya, called Attalea during Roman times, was an important port city along the Mediterranean Sea. Christianity arrived in the area during the Byzantine era, and several churches and monasteries were built. In the 13th century, the Seljuk Turks took over. They built numerous mosques, madrasas, and caravanserais. One famous example of Seljuk architecture is the Yivli Minaret Mosque, which has a distinctive fluted minaret. During Ottoman times, Antalya flourished in trade, bringing goods from the East via the Silk Road. The Ottomans built many vital structures like the Murat Pasha Mosque and the Clock Tower.
Today, Antalya is famed for its stunning coastline, ancient ruins, and vibrant culture. Visitors can explore historical sites like the ancient city of Perge, relax on beautiful beaches, or shop in bustling markets.
11 Historical Sites in Antalya
1: Kaleici Old Town
At the heart of Antalya's city centre are the old quarters of the ancient walled city, which sit next to the harbour among boutique hotels. The 13th-century clock tower marks the entrance, but the most photographed part is the impressively intact 2nd-century Hadrian's Gate.
The three-arched, white marble triumphal arch, dating from 130 AD, required minor restoration, but the old city walls still surround Hadrian's Gate. Although this area is not technically ruins, visit first because they are a great insight into the former glory.
2: Captivating City of Perge
Perge Ancient City was an important trading post around 1300 B.C., but citizens enthusiastically welcomed Alexander the Great when he conquered the area. During the Byzantine era, the coastline edged further away, so sea traders and locals left to live elsewhere.
Impressive structures include the 14,000-seated theatre, public bathhouses, and an agora from the 4th century A.D. A second-century sarcophagus and statues of various emperors found in Perge are now on display in the Antalya Archaeological Museum.
3: Aspendos Historical ruins
Twenty-five miles east of Antalya centre is Aspendos, which attracts hundreds of visitors daily. The marvellously intact theatre, built around 161 AD, with incredible acoustics and seating 15,000 people, is Turkey’s best-preserved Roman structure.
From there, explore the acropolis, agora, and aqueduct and buy a ticket for the annual Antalya Ballet and Opera Festival every June. The acoustics during performances at night are immensely jaw-dropping.
4: Phaselis Port City
Phaselis belonged to Pamphylia, but its origins date back to Lycian times. Founded in the 7th century B.C., its unique location between two beaches makes it popular for daily boat tours. Phaselis was an immensely successful trading port but faced demise in the 3rd century because of constant attacks by pirates, who forced citizens to flee to safer locations inland. They city pales in size compared to Aspendos but still portrays ruins like the agora, small theatre, and bathhouse, along with stunning views. It opens daily from 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m.
5: Termessos Ancient Ruins
Abandoned after an earthquake cut off the natural water supply, Termessos' ruins sit at over 1000 metres (3300 feet) in the Taurus Mountains, which provided natural defences against invading armies. The exact founding date is unclear, but Termessos surrounded by dense forests and steep slopes, had people living there in the Hellenistic period, around the 4th century BCE.
Termessos flourished under Pisidian rule and later came under Roman influence, but withstood Alexander the Great's siege in 333 BCE. The rugged terrain and fortifications lead Alexander to conquer other regions instead. With an agora (marketplace), temples dedicated to gods like Zeus and Artemis, and numerous rock-cut tombs, the theatre, built into natural mountain slopes, offers stunning views.
6: Side Town Centre and the Temple of Apollo
Coastal Side, built around ancient buildings, is an open-air museum. The spectacular scenery includes Roman shops, a large theatre, public baths, and an agora, and the town’s museum, open every day except Monday, displays many intact ruins.
After exploring this historical destination, head down to the seafront Apollo Temple. Although just a few columns remain, the majestic appearance backed by the vibrant, orange Mediterranean sunset is worthy of all Instagram posts.
7: Mythological Olympos
Sitting between Cirali and Olympos, this architecture portrays a fairy-tale story through its location in forested woodland. Although signage is lacking, navigate the woodland to find Christian churches, Roman portals, Byzantine aqueducts, houses, and, most importantly, Captain Eudemos's coffin.
8: Myra and Saint Nicholas Church
Head further down the coast to Demre to arrive at Ancient Myra, the former home of Santa Claus. Lesser talked about Myra, which will excite any history buff with the large theatre surrounded by pine forests. The Byzantine church further into town is where Saint Nicholas first started his campaign of giving to the poor at Christmas time, hence the statue of him in his original form, and not the version of Santa Claus we see today. Unfortunately, sailors stole his bones from his coffin in the 11th century, but the church still holds a surreal atmosphere.
9: Alanya Castle Walls
Hilltop Alanya Castle offers spectacular panoramic views overlooking the stunning Mediterranean coast, and the 6-kilometre city walls contain many historical buildings. Initially built in the 13th century, the castle protected locals from invasions. Over the years, several civilisations, including Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman, left behind impressive buildings and landmarks.
The fortified walls, towers, and battlements demonstrate excellent craftsmanship as seen in the Red Tower, the Inner Castle, and the Sultan Selim Mosque. Each structure highlights unique architectural styles from different periods. Furthermore, Alanya Castle's strategic location is of great significance. Positioned high on a hill, the castle gave tactical advantages to occupants, with clear views of approaching threats.
10: Patara Archaeological Site
Patara testifies to the Lycian civilisation as a member of the ancient Lycian League. The site is home to many well-preserved ruins, including colonnaded streets. The theatre, once held 5,000 spectators for entertainment and civic gatherings.
Another notable feature is the Roman baths, which are used for bathing and leisure and still display intricate mosaics and frescoes. The monumental arch, an impressive structure that once marked the entrance, symbolises prestige and power.
One exciting discovery in recent years is the lighthouse, built initially during Emperor Nero's reign and reconstructed in 2021. Also, see nearby Patara Beach, Turkey’s longest stretch of sand.
11: Simena Castle
For fascinating journeys, head to Kas or Kalkan on the outskirts, jump onboard a boat and sail past Kekova sunken ruins before heading to Simena Castle. Unfortunately, water activities like snorkelling or scuba diving are forbidden, but the outline of historical buildings is still seen over the water as you sail past.
The boat then takes a sharp right before heading across the seas to arrive at Simena Castle. From the top, fantastic views stem out over the peninsula. Also, stop in a restaurant for some amazing homemade ice cream.
Note: Exhibition halls at Antalya Archaeological Museum highlight remarkable collections of artefacts and relics that span over 5,000 years of history. Upon entrance, visitors see breathtaking exhibits that bring ancient civilisations of Anatolia to life from Hellenistic to Roman times.
Handy Tip: Many tour agencies combine an Antalya city tour with trips to another highlight: beautiful waterfalls. Places like Kursunlu and Duden waterfalls are great places to relax, as is Karaalioglu Park. Another fantastic place after exploring historical sites in Antalya is Manavgat waterfall and river, where visitors sit in tea gardens for scenic views of water rushing by. Alternatively, use public transport but check the scheduled times.
Beautiful Places in Turkey: From historical sites to places of natural beauty, if exploring the country is your passion, put these destinations on your bucket list. Including beaches, and calcium pools, the places listed from east to west will blow your mind and display just how beautiful Turkey really is.
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